Bhagavad Gita Commentary–Five
by Swami Nirmalananda Giri
Experiencing The Unreal
Is it real?
Krishna has just told Arjuna that birth and death are simple illusions–that the unborn and undying spirit (atma) is the sole reality of our being. That is not so hard to accept if we have intuition or actual recall of the fact of our having previously dreamed the dream of birth and death many times. But, as I pointed out in the last essay, the real trouble is our identification with the experiences that occur between the two poles of birth and death. It is like a joke I heard a very long time ago. In a small town where metaphysical speculation was completely absent, the postmaster was a Christian Scientist. One day he asked a little boy, “How are you?” And the boy replied: “I have an awful stomach ache!” “Oh, you just imagine that,” chided the postmaster. “You only imagine you even have a stomach!” The next day the boy came in the post office and was asked the same question by the postmaster. He stood for a while, thinking, and then came out with: “I have an imaginary pain in my imaginary stomach that I don’t really have. And it HURTS!” It is just the same with us. Simply saying: “It is all an illusion,” really does very little. Consider how we attend a play or a motion picture and become completely engrossed in the spectacle, responding with various emotions. All the time we know it is just pretend, but that does not keep us from responding as though it were real. How is this? It is the nature–yes, the purpose–of the mind! I will never forget my first experience of Hamlet. The next day I could not attend any of my classes at the university. I felt that I had seen an inexpressibly great person die right before my eyes. The words” “Good night, sweet prince, and flights of angels sing thee to thy rest” had utterly overwhelmed me with chagrin. For nearly a week I went around in an aura of shock. Now I knew that I had only witnessed light and shadow patterns on a blank screen, that the “people” I had watched were actors playing a part–a part that my reading on the subject revealed was not even historically accurate. It made no difference. I was stunned by what I had seen. This is just the nature of the delusive mind. Unless that nature is transcended, we will experience that “the play’s the thing” rather than an illusion. With this in mind, Swami Vivekananda subtitled his book Raja Yoga: “Conquering the Internal Nature.” And part of its subjugation is the realization that the “inner” nature is also outside us. Wherefore Sri Krishna next tells Arjuna:
“Feelings of heat and cold, pleasure and pain, are caused by the contact of the senses with their objects. They come and they go, never lasting long. You must accept them.”
Externals meet externals
“Feelings of heat and cold, pleasure and pain, are caused by the contact of the senses with their objects.” Both the senses and the objects are vibrating energy, merely differing waves in the vast ocean of power known as Prakriti or Pradhana. Prakriti is spoken of as “illusion” because it is constantly shifting like the sea with its ever-rising and ever-subsiding waves. Although Prakriti exists as Primordial Energy, the forms it takes are momentary modifications only with no lasting reality. Again we come to the snake-in-the-rope simile. Even though the “snake” we see in the dim light is a projection of our mind, when we perceive that it is only a rope the “snake” may disappear, but the rope will remain. In the same way, Prakriti is the actually-existent substratum of which all “things” are its temporary mutations. They are mere appearances, yet their “substance” is real. It is this understanding that gave rise to the Buddhist concept of Emptiness–that there are no “things” in their own right, but only temporary appearances. When we see truly, the “things” are seen to be no “things” at all. The truth is, Prakriti and the Great Void (Mahasunyata) are the same thing. It is only those who misunderstand them that think they are different.
In essence, we must come to realize that all our experiences, inner and outer, are really external to us and are simply shifting waves of differing vibrations.
“They come and they go, never lasting long,” Krishna points out to Arjuna–and to us–even though “long” is a completely subjective and relative matter.
In the ancient world, including that of original Christianity, only that which remained perpetually constant was considered to be real. That which could change or cease to be was considered unreal. For this reason we find an exposition of the unreality of both the world and sin in the writings of Saint Athanasius the Great of Alexandria, even though that is in complete variance with contemporary Christian theology.
The thing is, we exist forever and unchanging. It is only our mistaken identity with our experiences–our identification of the screen with the temporary movie–that causes us to forget this truth and become immersed in the untruth of Unreality/Prakriti. It is no easy matter to genuinely see the truth of things in relation to our sense experiences. Consequently Krishna said: “How hard to break through is this, my Maya!” What shall we do about these illusions until we have broken through? Krishna tells us: “You must accept them...” That does not mean that we must like them or want them. But we must accept them as inevitable until we truly do pass from the unreal to the Real. Later in this very chapter Krishna will describe how an illumined person functions in relation to sensory experience. For now we need only understand that the man of wisdom, the jnani, experiences them but accepts them and is unmoved by them.
“A serene spirit accepts pleasure and pain with an even mind, and is unmoved by either. He alone is worthy of immortality.” What he does by nature we must do by will and reasoning until we, too, are enlightened.
Read the Bhagavad Gita online: The English text of the Gita posted on this Web Site is arranged according to the meter of the original Sanskrit text so it can be sung–as it is done every morning in our ashram and in most of the ashrams of India.
1) Bhagavad Gita 2:14
[Go back]
2) Bhagavad Gita 7:14. Maya is the power of Cosmic Illusion. [Go back]
3) Bhagavad Gita 2:15 [Go back]
